GAWK

注意

下列命令示例均基于 Linux 平台。

输出时间

$ echo | awk '{ printf("TIME: %s\n", strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", systime())) }'
TIME: 2021-11-09 11:59:06

$ echo | awk '{ printf("TIME: %s\n", strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", systime())) }'
TIME: 2021-11-09 11:59:06

正则替换字符

$ cat a
time: 2011-11-04       value: 695.59MB
time: 2011-11-05       value: 697.75MB
time: 2011-11-06       value: 701.25MB
time: 2011-11-07       value: 711.00MB
time: 2011-11-08       value: 718.88MB

$ awk '{gsub("MB", ""); print}' a
time: 2011-11-04       value: 695.59
time: 2011-11-05       value: 697.75
time: 2011-11-06       value: 701.25
time: 2011-11-07       value: 711.00
time: 2011-11-08       value: 718.88

$ cat a
time: 2011-11-04       value: 695.59MB
time: 2011-11-05       value: 697.75MB
time: 2011-11-06       value: 701.25MB
time: 2011-11-07       value: 711.00MB
time: 2011-11-08       value: 718.88MB

$ awk '{gsub("MB", ""); print}' a
time: 2011-11-04       value: 695.59
time: 2011-11-05       value: 697.75
time: 2011-11-06       value: 701.25
time: 2011-11-07       value: 711.00
time: 2011-11-08       value: 718.88

计算行数 (类似于 wc -l)

$ cat a1
time: 2011-11-04       value: 695.59MB
time: 2011-11-05       value: 697.75MB

$ awk 'END {print NR " " FILENAME}' a1
2 a1

$ wc -l a1
2 a1

$ cat a1
time: 2011-11-04       value: 695.59MB
time: 2011-11-05       value: 697.75MB

$ awk 'END {print NR " " FILENAME}' a1
2 a1

$ wc -l a1
2 a1

以文件为单位，给文件内的每一行增加编号

$ awk '{print FILENAME "\t" FNR "\t" $0}' a*
a1      1       time: 2011-11-04       value: 695.59MB
a1      2       time: 2011-11-05       value: 697.75MB
a2      1       time: 2011-11-06       value: 701.25MB
a2      2       time: 2011-11-07       value: 711.00MB
a2      3       time: 2011-11-08       value: 718.88MB

$ awk '{print FILENAME "\t" FNR "\t" $0}' a*
a1      1       time: 2011-11-04       value: 695.59MB
a1      2       time: 2011-11-05       value: 697.75MB
a2      1       time: 2011-11-06       value: 701.25MB
a2      2       time: 2011-11-07       value: 711.00MB
a2      3       time: 2011-11-08       value: 718.88MB

以行为单位，给所有文件增加编号

$ awk '{print FILENAME "\t" NR "\t" $0}' a*
a1      1       time: 2011-11-04       value: 695.59MB
a1      2       time: 2011-11-05       value: 697.75MB
a2      3       time: 2011-11-06       value: 701.25MB
a2      4       time: 2011-11-07       value: 711.00MB
a2      5       time: 2011-11-08       value: 718.88MB

$ awk '{print FILENAME "\t" NR "\t" $0}' a*
a1      1       time: 2011-11-04       value: 695.59MB
a1      2       time: 2011-11-05       value: 697.75MB
a2      3       time: 2011-11-06       value: 701.25MB
a2      4       time: 2011-11-07       value: 711.00MB
a2      5       time: 2011-11-08       value: 718.88MB

相邻行的指定列相减

$ cat a
time: 2011-11-04       value: 695.59
time: 2011-11-05       value: 697.75
time: 2011-11-06       value: 701.25
time: 2011-11-07       value: 711.00
time: 2011-11-08       value: 718.88

$ awk 'NR==1 { tmp=$NF } NR>1 { print $NF-tmp; tmp=$NF }' a
2.16
3.5
9.75
7.88

$ awk 'NR==1 { print $0; tmp=$NF } NR>1 { printf("%s\tvalue_chg: %s\n", $0, $NF-tmp); tmp=$NF }' a
time: 2011-11-04       value: 695.59
time: 2011-11-05       value: 697.75    value_chg: 2.16
time: 2011-11-06       value: 701.25    value_chg: 3.5
time: 2011-11-07       value: 711.00    value_chg: 9.75
time: 2011-11-08       value: 718.88    value_chg: 7.88

$ cat a
time: 2011-11-04       value: 695.59
time: 2011-11-05       value: 697.75
time: 2011-11-06       value: 701.25
time: 2011-11-07       value: 711.00
time: 2011-11-08       value: 718.88

$ awk 'NR==1 { tmp=$NF } NR>1 { print $NF-tmp; tmp=$NF }' a
2.16
3.5
9.75
7.88

$ awk 'NR==1 { print $0; tmp=$NF } NR>1 { printf("%s\tvalue_chg: %s\n", $0, $NF-tmp); tmp=$NF }' a
time: 2011-11-04       value: 695.59
time: 2011-11-05       value: 697.75    value_chg: 2.16
time: 2011-11-06       value: 701.25    value_chg: 3.5
time: 2011-11-07       value: 711.00    value_chg: 9.75
time: 2011-11-08       value: 718.88    value_chg: 7.88

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